Category Archives: The New Covenant

Covenants between God and man are a central theme of the Bible. The Bible itself is split into the Old Covenant (Old Testament) and New Covenant (New Testament). The Old Testament is not simply a history lesson; it is absolutely critical in understanding why humans are in a sinful state and why we needed Jesus to come as a Messiah to fulfill the Old Covenant. The Old Covenant is actually broken into covenants between God and specific people: the Adamic Covenant, the Noahic Covenant, the Abrahamic Covenant, the Mosaic Covenant, and the Davidic Covenant. Sometimes we tend to think of the Old Covenant simply in terms of the Law of Moses given to Israel, but Jesus actually fulfills so much more than that. Jesus perfectly fulfills all aspects of the Old Covenant in order that a New Covenant may be established through Him. Jesus was the only acceptable sacrifice on behalf of mankind to act as our substitute; Jesus’ sacrifice atones for all sins of everyone who puts their faith in Him once and for all (Hebrews 10:1-18).

The Old Covenant

The Old Covenant encompasses covenants between God and several different biblical figures. Starting with the failed covenant with Adam resulting in mankind’s sinful nature and progressing through the covenant with God’s chosen people of Israel, these covenants show us the need for a New Covenant through the Messiah.

Adamic Covenant (Genesis 2:4-25): This first covenant between God and man occurs in the garden of Eden. God gave Adam dominion over all of the animals of the earth and allowed him to eat any of the food provided; the only thing God required of Adam was to never eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Adam’s failure to fulfill this covenant resulted in the sinful nature of mankind for all time.

Noahic Covenant (Genesis 6:9-9:17): The next covenant God made with man was with Noah. God deemed Noah a righteous man living in a world of corruption. God instructed Noah to build an Ark to save him and his family from impending flood waters that would wipe out all the vile humans of the earth. Noah followed God’s instructions exactly as he was commanded. Following the flood, God confirmed this covenant with Noah and promised to never flood the earth again to wipe out the population of evil people.

Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 15-18): God’s covenant with Abraham is core to the overall theme of the Bible. God promised Abraham that He would give Abraham and his descendants a promised land and that he would be their God. He instructed Abraham that he and all his descendants must be circumcised as the terms of the covenant. God also says Abraham will become the “father of a multitude of nations”, which is a foreshadowing of the new covenant that will be extended to all people.

Mosaic Covenant (Exodus 19-24): The Mosaic Covenant was God’s covenant with the people of Israel after leading them out of slavery in Egypt. God gives Moses the Law that will govern the people of Israel in the Promised Land. The covenant laid out blessings and curses based on their obedience or disobedience, which lays the foundation for the cycles of being in and out of God’s favor we see throughout the Old Testament. The Law was not a means for salvation, but the way to distinguish God’s chosen people from everyone else.

Davidic Covenant (2 Samuel 7): God’s covenant with King David promises that a descendent of David with eventually sit on the throne over the kingdom of all mankind. The covenant with King David gives hope of the coming of the Messiah we see throughout the prophetic books of the Old Testament.

The New Covenant

The Old Covenants show us how mankind will always fall short when relying on their own works, but the prophets provide hope of the coming of a Messiah that will permanently restore the relationship between God and man. Jesus fulfills every aspect of all the covenants perfectly; He is the new Adam, an infinitely greater Ark, an offspring of Abraham, a perfect example of adherence to the Law, and the shepherd-king descendent of King David.

Jesus is the new and final Adam (1 Corinthians 15:45-49). Adam was created in God’s image and had the opportunity to live a life of obedience, yet chose sin. Sin entered the world through the first Adam and left us in death through our sins (Romans 5:12). The path to life entered the world through the new Adam, with Jesus giving himself as the only perfect and acceptable sacrifice on our behalf. The only chance mankind ever had was through the Messiah; the sinful nature of mankind ensures we will fall short of the righteousness God requires, yet we are made perfectly righteous before God through faith in Jesus Christ.

Jesus was an infinitely greater Ark. The ark built by Noah delivered those onboard from a flood, but Jesus will deliver those who put their faith in Him from eternal death (Ephesians 2:4-5). The wooden ark delivered Noah from a physical death, while a wooden cross delivers us from a spiritual death. Just as the ark rescued those included in the Noahic covenant, Jesus will rescue those who are part of the New Covenant.

Jesus is an offspring of Abraham (Matthew 1:1-16). God promised Abraham that his seed would receive God’s blessing and lead his people into the Promise Land. While this is fulfilled in a physical sense through Israel, we see this fulfilled in a spiritual sense through Jesus leading all who put their faith in Him into a spiritual Promise Land. The Bible teaches that this New Covenant is a covenant of faith, not one of birth. While Jews entered the Old Covenant simply by being born into it, it is only possible to be a child of Abraham through faith in Christ (Galatians 3:7-29, John 1:12-13). Abraham becomes a father of many nations comprised of all who put their faith in his seed, Jesus Christ.

The Mosaic Covenant differs from the Abrahamic Covenant and Davidic Covenant in that Jesus was not directly related to Moses; Jesus was of the tribe of Judah while Moses was of the tribe of Levi. God gave Moses the Law that Israel must strictly follow to remain in his favor on Mount Sinai. The law showed how, through our own work, humanity falls short of the perfection God requires no matter how hard we try. Offerings were required again and again, but Israel always strayed and disobeyed the law God had given them. The law was given to show the need for the Messiah, the only person who could fulfill the law and atone for the shortcomings of all of humanity. Jesus fulfilled every aspect of the law and gave himself as the only acceptable sacrifice on behalf of mankind once and for all. Through Jesus alone our sins are forgiven; all the punishment for every sin was poured out onto Jesus as he sacrificed Himself and died in our place so that we may live.

God tells King David that He will raise up one of his offspring to establish the throne of His kingdom forever. Throughout the prophetic books, we read again and again how a descendent of King David will arise to be a new king and Messiah. Jesus, a descendent of King David, becomes the Messiah to sit on the throne of the kingdom over all mankind.

The Old Covenant is perfectly fulfilled by Jesus Christ in every way. Jesus completely followed every aspect of the law and lived the blameless and sinless life no human could ever live. All humans are completely guilty before God under the law, for we are all counted fully guilty before God without Jesus (James 2:10). The New Covenant is established between God and mankind with Jesus as the only mediator. The New Covenant is a spiritual covenant that we can only become part of through faith in Christ; our own works, who our parents are, and any other human or physical component cannot count toward our justification. The only path to salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9). Through God’s free gift of Grace, He offers you the full atonement for all of your sins through the blood of Jesus.

Absolution is complete.

Forgiveness is final.

It is finished.

He is risen.

As we approach the beginning of Holy Week, take time to meditate on these words and the meaning they hold in your life. The sacrifice Jesus made for us completely atoned for every sin in your life: past, present, and future. Through faith in Jesus Christ, you never must worry whether you are forgiven; your sins are already covered by the blood of Jesus. When you put your faith in Jesus, you are made perfectly righteous before God forever (Hebrews 10:14). All of our sins are nailed to the cross the moment we put our faith in Christ; our debt is paid in full by a savior that stands in our place. Through the New Covenant in Jesus, we are justified before God and we are fully absolved of all of our sins as we are imputed with righteousness. We all fall short throughout our lives due to our sinful nature; but rather than question whether Christ’s sacrifice was really enough to atone for whatever sin you have committed, take peace in knowing your sins are already forgiven. Repent and move forward to live out the purpose God has for your life (Romans 6-10:11). Reflect on these truths as you begin Holy Week; take time on Good Friday to reflect on the ultimate sacrifice Jesus made for you and celebrate the victory of the resurrection on Easter Sunday that ensures love, joy, peace, and freedom to all who put their faith in Jesus Christ.

“The law is only a shadow of the good things that are coming—not the realities themselves. For this reason it can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship. Otherwise, would they not have stopped being offered? For the worshipers would have been cleansed once for all, and would no longer have felt guilty for their sins. But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins. It is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins. Therefore, when Christ came into the world, he said: “Sacrifice and offering you did not desire, but a body you prepared for me; with burnt offerings and sin offerings you were not pleased. Then I said, ‘Here I am—it is written about me in the scroll—I have come to do your will, my God.’” First he said, “Sacrifices and offerings, burnt offerings and sin offerings you did not desire, nor were you pleased with them”—though they were offered in accordance with the law. Then he said, “Here I am, I have come to do your will.” He sets aside the first to establish the second. And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties; again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, and since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool. For by one sacrifice he has made perfect forever those who are being made holy. The Holy Spirit also testifies to us about this. First he says: “This is the covenant I will make with them after that time, says the Lord. I will put my laws in their hearts, and I will write them on their minds. Then he adds: “Their sins and lawless acts I will remember no more.” And where these have been forgiven, sacrifice for sin is no longer necessary.” (Hebrews 10:1-18).

Complete surrender to God is a challenging part of your walk with Christ. I have heard sermons about surrendering everything to God so many times, yet I do not believe I truly knew what it meant until the past year. Our sinful human nature wants to keep us in control of our own lives and put Jesus to the side. Yet Jesus commands to be our whole life, not just a part of it when convenient for us (Luke 14:33). The New Covenant in Jesus requires surrender to Him in order to reach your full potential in the plans He has for your life. Jesus gave us the ultimate gift of grace, so we must strive to give all of ourselves to Him.

My Surrender

My walk with Jesus started when I was a young child. Although I grew up in church, I only knew faith through the lens of following the rules of my church and trying to be a good person. I deeply desired relationship with God, but no amount of repetition of memorized prayer or following a set of obligations was getting me any closer to Him. I heard the Gospel preached for the first time in college around 2013 and finally had found the missing pieces needed to grow in relationship with Jesus. However, the past decade I had never fully surrendered to Christ; I had placed my own earthly desires above my faith. I had a good life and was content with just giving part of myself to God. I attended church every week, joined small groups, and read the Bible almost daily; yet, I remained in control and could not yield full surrender to God. My conviction has been growing increasingly stronger until I finally could not resist and I fully surrendered. The joy and freedom experienced over the last few months has been inexplicable; few moments go by when Christ does not enter my mind. I replaced any aspect of my life that was not bringing me closer to Christ with something that strengthens my relationship with Him. I finally feel that I am walking in the purpose of my covenant relationship with God; I am giving of my full self to Jesus who sacrificed Himself to save me.

Path to Surrender

Each person has to live out their own sanctification and the path to surrender to God may not look exactly the same. I think three steps can set you on your path of surrender to Christ’s will for your life:

1. Remain in constant prayer and reading of Scripture

Allow the Holy Spirit to lead you on your path to surrender. Pray throughout the day and include Jesus in the decisions you make. Give God control and follow where He leads you. The central point of your sanctification should be prayer and studying God’s Word while keeping an open heart to where the Holy Spirit is leading you.

2. Surround yourself with other believers

There are a couple aspects to this; both removing people from your life who are preventing your surrender and joining a church to surround yourself with people who will walk with you on your path to surrender. The quote “Show me your friends and I’ll show you your future” is profoundly true. If you surround yourself with people who are pulling you toward earthly things, then you will inevitably be pulled in that direction. You do not need to completely cut contact necessarily, but use opportunities to tell them about how Jesus is moving in your life and avoid situations which could divert your path. Joining a church to surround yourself with other believers is critical; weekly corporate worship, continuing growth in small groups, and accountability are all important components in your sanctification. Also ensure your current church or any church you plan to join is adhering to teaching the Gospel. If the requirements of a specific church are necessary for your salvation in any way (legalism) or if the church teaches any form of Christianity in which obedience to God is not a central doctrine (antinomianism), then you need to find a new church. You are justified by your faith in Jesus Christ alone and a true faith will yield a process of obedience to Christ through sanctification.

3. Replace old habits with new ones

The habits you have in your daily life are the most individual aspect of your surrender to God. Only you can identify the habits that are keeping you from reaching the full potential God has for your life. These can be either things that are actively working against your walk or things that are not inherently bad but are keeping you from living out your walk. Damaging habits like staying out drinking or partying all night would be actively inhibiting your walk with Christ. Frequently spending free time watching your favorite show rather than being in prayer or reading the Bible can more subtly be inhibiting your walk. Replace your time spent on your commute listening to your favorite secular podcast or music with time spent in prayer or listening to worship music. Identify anything that may be an idol in your life, keeping Christ from being at the center. These can be material items, jobs, relationships, or even your church or religious traditions; any of these things that do not have relationship with Jesus at the center mean nothing eternally. “Don’t copy the behavior and customs of this world, but let God transform you into a new person by changing the way you think. Then you will learn to know God’s will for you, which is good and pleasing and perfect.” (Romans 12:2).

Living in Surrender

As human beings, we all fall short of what God requires of us. The good news is we have a savior that died in our place to atone for our sins and acts as a complete substitute for our salvation. All that is required of us is to put our faith in Him. We will all be living out the process of becoming more Christ-like through sanctification our entire lives. By surrendering to Jesus, you will experience a joy, love, and freedom that cannot be found in the desires of this world. Reflect on your faith in Christ and whether you have fully surrendered to Him; we will never be perfect, but we can allow God to use us in whatever plans He has for us to bear fruit for His kingdom during our time on this earth.

“But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ” (Philippians 3:7-8).

A personal relationship with Jesus Christ is central to the theology of the Church today. What does this actually mean and how can we foster this relationship? Like any relationship, your relationship with Christ requires effort to grow and strengthen. Your relationship with Christ begins the day you put your faith in Him and continues to grow throughout your life as you become more Christ-like through sanctification. Jesus has called us his friends (John 15:15) and all who have faith in Him are filled with the Holy Spirit in order that we may grow in our relationship.

Relationship in the New Covenant

The new covenant mankind has with God, through Jesus Christ, extends relationship to each of us. The old covenant priests entering the Most High Place to be in God’s presence as mediators on behalf of the people of Israel have been replaced by the one and only mediator and High Priest for every person who puts their faith in Him (1 Timothy 2:5). When you accept Jesus and put your faith in Him, you enter into this new covenant with God and begin the process of building your relationship through sanctification so that you may bear fruit for God’s kingdom. Like any relationship, the more we seek to grow closer to Jesus the more fruitful the relationship will be.

Building your Relationship

The keys to building your relationship with Christ are fervent prayer and daily reading of God’s Word. Prayer is an opportunity for conversation with Jesus when you can express your thankfulness, repentance, and need for intercession. Worship God through prayer and thank Him for the gift of grace given to you and the sacrifice Jesus made for the complete atonement of your sins. Talk to Jesus and be open to a response as the Holy Spirit moves in your life. When reading God’s Word, allow the Holy Spirit to speak to you and guide you. God’s Word is the ultimate source of truth we have on this earth (John 17:17). Read God’s Word through the lens of finding Christ in all of Scripture; the gift of salvation God gives us through the sacrifice of His son is the fulfillment of all the covenants and prophecies of the Old Testament. The old covenant required perfect adherence to rules that no human could ever perfectly fulfill such that constant sacrifices were required; the new covenant requires perfect adherence to rules that only Jesus could fulfill on our behalf and the one and only sacrifice of Himself to grant salvation for all who put their faith in Him. Jesus lived the perfect life that no human could ever live so that He may endure the punishment for all of our sins and that Christ may be a substitute for us. Pray to Him constantly and consume His Word daily to draw closer to a God who gave everything so that you may have the ability to enter into relationship and covenant with Him. In addition to prayer and reading the Bible, there are several sanctifying activities to aid in your walk with Christ including weekly church attendance, the ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, small groups/Bible studies, giving of yourself to others in need through love, listening to worship music, and reading faith-based books to deepen your understanding of the Bible and theology.

Obedience in the Relationship

An important aspect of your relationship with God is having the understanding that true faith yields obedience (Romans 1:5). We are justified by faith alone, but by a faith that is never alone. A faith centered on the fact that Jesus is the son of God who gave the ultimate sacrifice of Himself for the complete atonement of your sins and your salvation will lead to the bearing of fruit for the kingdom. The current stand against legalism has resulted in many churches having a swing of the pendulum to doctrines bordering on antinomianism. The secular definition of legalism is “excessive adherence to law or formula.” The theological definition of legalism is “the conviction that law-keeping is the ground of our acceptance with God.” Antinomianism literally means “against the law” and is defined as “the belief that there are no moral laws God expects Christians to obey.” The teaching of antinomianism basically amounts to the statement that since I have faith in Jesus I can live however I want.

An understanding of justification and sanctification can encourage you to follow the Gospel and avoid either of these false gospels. Justification is an act of God’s free grace whereby He pronounces a sinner to be righteous because of that sinner’s faith in Christ (Romans 10:9). Sanctification is the process by which Christians are set apart from the rest of the world and become more Christ-like (2 Peter 3:18). We are justified the moment we accept Jesus Christ as our savior and put our faith in Him and we are continually being sanctified as we grow closer to Him and grow in holiness through the work of the Holy Spirit. Legalism is the addition of anything to justification. We cannot add anything of our own merit to justification because only through Christ as our substitute can the righteousness required by God be imputed to us. Antinomianism is the deletion of sanctification. It is impossible to have true faith and not have sanctification; justification and sanctification are inseparable yet distinct. The Gospel is exactly in the middle of these two; our works are not saving us yet they are the fruit borne from faith. We can confidently say that we are saved by faith alone and not by own merit and works (Ephesians 2:8-9) and yet this faith without works is dead (James 2:17-18). As Christians we must strive to have a fruitful faith, not in an effort to be saved, but out of obedience to the one who has saved us.

As you continually build your relationship with God, continually seek to become more Christ-like through obedience so that you may have a fruitful relationship. No amount of obedience can make you any more or less saved or righteous before God, but this obedience will yield the fruits of your faith in Christ. Do not allow yourself to be misguided that works of your merit may contribute to your salvation by making an idol of your own religion, church, tradition, or theology outside of the plan God has for you; without a relationship with Jesus at the center, these works mean nothing (Matthew 7:21-23). Put all of your faith in Jesus Christ and build a relationship with Him through constant prayer and reading of Scripture to live out your life in obedience.